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Illusion - Is Seeing Really Believing?
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Illusion - Is Seeing Really Believing (1998)(Marshall Media)[Mac-PC].iso
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00128_Text_ref23t.txt
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1996-12-31
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Retinal Disparity
Random-dot stereograms
developed by Bela Julesz. When
the two views are fused, a
triangle is seen floating in the
foreground.
To demonstrate that retinal
disparity is indeed a cue to
depth, we must show that the
combination of the slightly
different images each eye
receives can alone yield an
impression of depth. In 1838,
Charles Wheatstone came up
with an ingenious idea. He
created the disparity
artificially by means of a
mirror stereoscope, a device he
invented that can present the
two eyes with slightly different
pictures, pictures that differ in
the same way that the retinal
images do when one is viewing
an actual scene. By using two-
dimensional objects, he was
able to prove that the resulting
depth perception must be the
consequence of the disparity
between the two views; by
using simple geometrical
pictures, he was able to prove
that the crucial factor was the
disparity and not pictorial
information. Normally, the two
eyes will naturally converge on
one of the two pictures, and the
eyes will also tend to be
appropriately accommodated to
that distance. For each eye to
aim separately at only one of
the two pictures, together they
would have to be converged
either at a very great distance
or to be crossed and converged
at a distance nearer than the
pictures. In either case,
however, the lenses would
then be inappropriately
focused, leading not only to
blurred images but to a strong
reflexive tendency to change
convergence. WheatstoneΓÇÖs
device made use of two mirrors
that allowed the eyes to
converge at about the true
distance of the pictures while
still seeing one picture with
one eye and the other with the
other eye.